11/9/2023 0 Comments Virtual address![]() On later 32-bit editions of Microsoft Windows, it is possible to extend the user-mode virtual address space to 3 GiB while only 1 GiB is left for kernel-mode virtual address space by marking the programs as IMAGE_FILE_LARGE_ADDRESS_AWARE and enabling the /3GB switch in the boot.ini file. The other 2 GiB are used by the operating system. On Microsoft Windows 32-bit, by default, only 2 GiB are made available to processes for their own use. VAS 1 |-vvvv-vvvvvv-vvvv-vv-v-vvv-|įile bytes app1 app2 kernel user system_page_file VAS |-vvv-vvvvvv-vvvv-vv-v-vvv-|įile bytes app kernel user system_page_fileĪnd different parts of the page file can map into the VAS of different processes: The page file is a single file, but multiple distinct sets of contiguous bytes can be mapped into a VAS: A common way to use VAS memory in this way is to map it to the page file. However, the only way the process can use or set '-' values in its VAS is to ask the OS to map them to bytes from a file. The process then starts executing bytes in the EXE file. Then, required DLL files are mapped (this includes custom libraries as well as system ones such as kernel32.dll and user32.dll): The v's are values from bytes in the mapped file. Addresses in the process VAS are mapped to bytes in the exe file. Then the application's executable file is mapped into the VAS. Using or setting values in such a VAS would cause a memory exception. Initially, none of them have values ('-' represents no value). When a new application on a 32-bit OS is executed, the process has a 4 GiB VAS: each one of the memory addresses (from 0 to 2 32 − 1) in that space can have a single byte as a value. This provides several benefits, one of which is security through process isolation assuming each process is given a separate address space.Įxample In the following description, the terminology used will be particular to the Windows NT operating system, but the concepts are applicable to other virtual memory operating systems. The range of virtual addresses usually starts at a low address and can extend to the highest address allowed by the computer's instruction set architecture and supported by the operating system's pointer size implementation, which can be 4 bytes for 32-bit or 8 bytes for 64-bit OS versions. In computing, a virtual address space ( VAS) or address space is the set of ranges of virtual addresses that an operating system makes available to a process. ( Learn how and when to remove this template message) ( August 2012) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message) Please help improve it by rewriting it in a balanced fashion that contextualizes different points of view. ![]() This article may lend undue weight to certain ideas, incidents, or controversies. ![]()
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